• multilingual Attempto Controlled English (ACE)
  • D11.1 (2012-06-01)
• CNL-based multilingual semantic wiki
  • D11.2 (2012-12-01)
  • D11.3 (2013-04-01)

• goal: user-friendly language for formal knowledge engineering
• subset of natural English
• translatable into Discourse Representation Structures (DRS)
  • and further into standard first-order logic, OWL, various rule languages
  • enables automatic reasoning, e.g. consistency checking, question answering, ...
• verbalization of formal languages
  • DRS, OWL
• end-user documentation: construction and interpretation rules
• editing environments: AceWiki, ACE Editor, ACE View, ...

An ACE grammar in GF/RGL adds multiple natural languages as front-ends to ACE.

• implementation of the ACE syntax (i.e. no DRS generation)
  • i.e. targeting an existing precisely defined language
• extension of Angelov and Ranta (CNL 2009)
• available in 10 natural languages via the RGL
  • Catalan, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Swedish, Urdu
  • design allows for easy extendability
• focus on the AceWiki subset
  • almost 100% coverage at almost 0% ambiguity
  • some precision problems, e.g. anaphoric references
• joint work with UGOT (John J. Camilleri)

p -lang=Ace "if a person admires no golfer then the person buys
    at least 2 aquariums that nothing but travelers inspect ." | l

si una persona no admira cap golfista llavors la persona compra
    almenys 2 aquarins que nomÈs viatgers inspeccionen .

als een persoon geen golfer bewondert , dan koopt de persoon
    ten minste 2 aquaria die slechts reizigers inspecteren .

if a person admires no golfer then the person buys
    at least 2 aquariums who nothing but travelers inspect .

jos henkilö ei ihaile mitään golfaajaa niin henkilö ostaa
    vähintään 2 akvaariota jonka vain matkustajat tarkastavat .

si une personne n' admire aucun golfeur alors la personne achète
    au moins 2 aquariums que seulement des voyageurs inspectent .

wenn eine Person keinen Golfer bewundert , dann kauft die Person
    wenigstens 2 Aquariume die nur Reisenden inspizieren .

si una persona non ammira nessuno giocatore di golf allora la persona compra
    almeno 2 acquari che soltanto viaggiatori ispezionano .

si una persona no admira hacia golfista entonces la persona compra
    al menos 2 acuarios que solamente viajeros inspeccionan .

om en person beundrar inget golfspelare så personen köper
    minst 2 akvariumar som bara resenärar avsynar .

اگر اك شخص كوی نہیں گولفر کی تعریفتا ہے تو شخص كم از كم
    ۲ ایکویریم جن صرف مسافر معائتے ہیں كو خریدتا ہے

• use ACE-in-GF in a multilingual wiki
• add more languages
  • Danish, Norwegian, Bulgarian, Latvian, Russian (?)
• extend towards full ACE
• more evaluation
  • using the Ontograph framework (?)
• study ambiguity in languages other than ACE

Ambiguity example

p -lang=Dut "John koopt ten minste 2 aquaria , die slechts reizigers inspecteren ."
| l -lang=Ace,Fin

John buys at least 2 aquariums who inspect nothing but travelers .
John ostaa vähintään 2 akvaariota , joka tarkastaa vain matkustajia .

John buys at least 2 aquariums who nothing but travelers inspect .
John ostaa vähintään 2 akvaariota , jonka vain matkustajat tarkastavat .

• wiki
  • user-friendly collaborative environment for knowledge management
  • content typically unconstrained natural language (NL)
  • powered by software, e.g. MediaWiki
  • e.g. Wikipedia
• semantic wiki (= wiki + formal semantics)
  • provides: richer query language, consistency checking (via automatic reasoning)
  • content typically NL + typed links (i.e. RDF triples)
  • software: Semantic Mediawiki, ...
• CNL-based semantic wiki (= semantic wiki using CNL)
  • formal languages hidden (=> can use more expressive formal languages)
  • software: AceWiki
• multilingual wiki
  • authoring in multiple (natural) languages
  • current systems: only document-level interlinking

• multiple languages
  • natural: English, German, ACE, ...
  • formal: ACE, Sage, ...
  • languages for content, UI, meta information
• content
  • viewable/editable/queryable in multiple languages
  • automatically kept in sync
• CNL-based
  • backed by formal grammar(s), e.g. ACE, Phrasebook, ...
  • formal languages are hidden
• reasoning and query
  • consistency checking, question answering, ...
  • based on the underlying formal content

• multilingual ACE wiki
  • like AceWiki, but in multiple ACE-based CNLs
• tourist phrasebook
  • book structure (ToC, chapters, index)
  • multiple languages
  • grammar editing
• catalog of museum objects (paintings, painters)
  • each object on a separate wiki page
  • multiple languages
  • rich queries (e.g. "which Dutch painter painted which French painter?")
• math exercises
  • multiple user solutions
  • automatically checked
• collaborative grammar editor
  • dynamically updated regression test sentences

• AceWiki
  • collaborative environment
  • GUI (e.g. look-ahead editor)
  • storage
  • connection to ACE parser
  • connection to OWL reasoners
• Grammatical Framework (GF)
  • grammars
  • parser (translation, completion, ...)
  • grammar editor

currently based on the GF Webservice and the GF online editor

• wiki entry is GF abstract tree set
  • viewed via linearization(s)
  • can represent ambiguity
• access to multiple online GF grammars
  • provided by GF webservice
  • single grammar per wiki
• multilingual viewing and editing of wiki content
  • look-ahead editing
• presentation of the GF-analysis of sentences
  • translations, word alignment diagrams, GF syntax trees, ...
• grammar editing using the online GF editor
  • http://cloud.grammaticalframework.org/gfse/

• work with the MOLTO use cases
• grammar editing
• query and reasoning
  • GF-tree based queries
  • ACE-based reasoning (AceWiki OWL reasoning, RACE reasoning)
• evaluate with real content and real users

• AceWiki-GF
  • demo: http://attempto.ifi.uzh.ch/acewiki-gf/
  • source code: http://github.com/AceWiki/AceWiki/tree/gfservice
• ACE-in-GF
  • source code: http://github.com/Attempto/ACE-in-GF
  • D11.1: http://www.molto-project.eu/biblio/deliverable/ace-grammar-library